Strontium doped calcium phosphate coatings on poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) by pulsed electron deposition

Herein the preparation of Sr2 +-doped calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings on poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) substrates by pulsed electron deposition (PED) was investigated. Hydroxyapatites (HA) substituted with tailored amounts of Sr2 + up to 9 wt% were synthesized to generate the deposition targets. Dense and uniform amorphous CaP films having Sr/Ca molar ratios close to that of targets were achieved. The roughness and the wettability of the bare PEEK were significantly enhanced after coating deposition. The presence of Sr2 + led to a slight increase of the particles size while it did not mainly affect the RMS of the coatings that consisted of nanostructured aggregates of globular shape. After a mild annealing treatment at 130 °C for 6 h, the amorphous coatings transformed into nanocrystalline HA films incorporating Sr2 + having Sr/Ca molar ratios close to those of the as-deposited films. The annealing did not affect the topography and the roughness of the coatings, while improved the hardness of the films un-doped and doped at low-extent. This study shows that PED is feasible technique to coat PEEK implants with CaP films with control over the Sr/Ca ratio, which could improve bone fixation and in vivo stability especially under osteoporotic conditions thanks to the anabolic effect of Sr2 +.