GPU implementation of the Frenet Path Planner for embedded autonomous systems: A case study in the F1tenth scenario

Autonomous vehicles are increasingly utilized in safety-critical and time-sensitive settings like urban environments and competitive racing. Planning maneuvers ahead is pivotal in these scenarios, where the onboard compute platform determines the vehicle's future actions. This paper introduces an optimized implementation of the Frenet Path Planner, a renowned path planning algorithm, accelerated through GPU processing. Unlike existing methods, our approach expedites the entire algorithm, encompassing path generation and collision avoidance. We gauge the execution time of our implementation, showcasing significant enhancements over the CPU baseline (up to 22x of speedup). Furthermore, we assess the influence of different precision types (double, float, half) on trajectory accuracy, probing the balance between completion speed and computational precision. Moreover, we analyzed the impact on the execution time caused by the use of Nvidia Unified Memory and by the interference caused by other processes running on the same system. We also evaluate our implementation using the F1tenth simulator and in a real race scenario. The results position our implementation as a strong candidate for the new state-of-the-art implementation for the Frenet Path Planner algorithm.