WHAT ITALIAN CHILDREN USUALLY EAT: HOW TO HARM OURSELVES AND THE ENVIRONMENT Cosa mangiano i nostri bambini: come far male a se stessi e anche all’ambiente

Background. The growth of the human population and expanding consumption patterns are among the primary causes of climate change and its health effects. The food system significantly contributes to the climate change, as it is responsible for 26% of CO2emissions, uses 50% of habitable land and 70% of water resources and causes biodiversity loss. Animal-based and processed foods have a greater environmental impact and the widespread adoption of a western diet is unsustainable for both the planet and human health. Materials and methods. This study examined the dietary habits of a paediatric sample (aged: 6 months-14 years) to assess adherence to guidelines by focusing on the consumption of high-impact foods. It also analysed whether school canteens promote a sustainable and healthy diet and assessed parents’ awareness of these issues and the role of paediatricians in disseminating this information, as well. Results. The results showed an excessive consumption of meat (68%) and dairy products (49%), making the diet unsustainable for both human and planetary health. The school system, while promoting overall healthy eating, increases the consumption of high-impact foods already excessively consumed at home. There is a lack of parental awareness about what a healthy diet and its environmental impact are, topics that are also under-addressed by paediatricians. The paper highlights the need for a better training for paediatricians to promote healthy and sustainable diets.