Optimization of autologous adipose tissue transplantation: The impact of patient-specific and intraoperative factors on cellular viability before and after cryopreservation

Abstract

Background: Autologous adipose tissue transplantation is a versatile surgical procedure used for aesthetic, reconstructive, and regenerative purposes. Cryopreservation of adipose tissue collected during liposuction reduces the need for repeated fat collection, minimizing patient discomfort while preserving volumetric and regenerative properties. There are currently no studies in the literature correlating cellular viability, before and after thawing, with patient-specific variables and collection techniques. This study investigates patient-specific factors affecting cellular viability before and after thawing to refine protocols for patient selection and tissue collection.

Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 55 patients from the University Hospital Policlinico of Modena was conducted. Intraoperative factors (disinfectant used, type of anesthesia, operators, associated procedure, duration of surgery, harvesting area, quantity collected) and clinical variables (age, sex, smoking status, comorbidities, antiblastic therapy, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, immunological therapy) were analyzed. Cell count and metabolic activity tests were performed pre- and post-cryopreservation.

Results: Hormonal therapy significantly correlates with reduced cellular metabolic activity and viability, both pre- and post-thawing.

Conclusions: The findings underscore the need to evaluate adjuvant therapies when planning adipose tissue collection. Optimizing timing and preparation can improve graft viability, reducing resorption rates and enhancing volumizing and regenerative effects. Preoperative planning must account for the timing of hormonal and other therapies to ensure effective autologous adipose transplants with improved outcomes.