Recent Perspectives in Physics Education Through the Adoption of Hardware and Software Technologies in the Laboratory

The increasing use of technology in physics education opens up new perspectives for teaching and learning. Among them, hardware devices such as iOLabs, smartphones, and augmented reality devices, together with software tools such as Python, are redefining the experimental approach in teaching. iOLabs and smartphones, integrating advanced sensors and an intuitive interface, promote active scientific inquiry, where students play an active role in testing hypotheses or models, making decisions, and finding solutions on their own. We will show how the ability of such devices to compute and graph the Fourier transform of sensor signals in real time can be used to explore various physical phenomena in new ways. Augmented reality, implemented through visors, smartphones, and other devices, provides direct immersion in physical principles, transforming abstraction into concrete experience. Finally, Jupyter Notebooks in Python are emerging as user-friendly tools for data processing, allowing students to develop computational skills through exercises and applications directly related to experiments. In this paper, we present examples of teaching modules, some of which follow the ISLE approach, designed for students and teachers in the last years of high school and in introductory university courses.