Antidiuretic and nephrotoxic effects of putrescine in rats.

Putrescine, intraperitoneally injected either into intact or into hypophysectomized rats, caused a reduction in urine volume at doses of 200–300 mg/kg. At doses of 100 mg/kg or more, there was also a significant loss of potassium. The highest dose (300 mg/kg) caused haemoglobinuria, proteinuria, increased natriuresis, increased urinary osmolarity, reduced aldosteronaemia, ectasis of glomerular capillaries and tubular damage. The underlying mechanisms(s) are probably mostly linked to the strong cationic charge of putrescine and to its binding to fixed anions of tubular-cell membrane.