Measuring complexity, accuracy, fluency (CAF)

Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency (CAF) have been identified as three important dimensions for the description of second language performance. They have been typically seen as dependent variables related to L2 development, on the one hand, and task features, on the other. A great number of measures for these constructs have been proposed over the years, often with little concern about their validity and comparability. The chapter will review more recent proposals for valid and reliable operationalizations of the CAF dimensions, present some exemplary studies employing these constructs and discuss their relevance for language testing and assessment.