Theoretical analysis of an unpressurized, elastomeric O-ring seal inserted into a rectangular groove

Based on linear elasticity, a theoretical model is developed which is able to describe the mechanical behaviour of an unpressurized, elastomeric O-ring seal inserted into a rectangular groove. First, the analytical tools employed to handle the unilateral contact problem and to improve the pressure profile regularity are discussed in detail. Next, an assessment of the model is performed for a laterally free seal, for which a variety of studies exist in the literature. Finally, the model is applied to the analysis of a seal installed into several grooves of different width, and the results retrieved are compared with the few data available. The model response to a perturbation of Poisson ratio of the elastomer is also critically examined.