Rilievi integrati per il monitoraggio e la gestione dell’instabilità dei versanti

Nowadays civil protection and environment safeguard are of topical interest. The hydro-geological instability and landslides as well, in fact, are serious problems that unfortunately characterize our whole country. The consequences are sometimes severe and there is more to deal with such as emergencies and disasters directly affecting the population. Geomatics, in this sense, offers a wide variety of methodologies and technologies, both well-established and well-advanced, functioning as an important support to the control and monitoring of territory. Key studies concern the phenomenon itself, risk prevention and emergency management . Concerning that, the present paper presents the design and implementation of an integrated system based on topographical and geotechnical instrumentation with the purpose to continuously monitor a landslide. Two case studies will be presented: they are both located in the Apennines of Emilia-Romagna Region. The system consists of a robotic total station located in a geologically stable area together with a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver which acts as a permanent master station. The robotic total station regularly runs several times a day repeating the same action, which consists on measuring a series of prisms positioned both inside and outside of the landslide body. A two-directions inclinometer monitors the stability of the monument in real-time mode. An additional GNSS, acting as a rover receiver, has been placed at the edge of the landslide to assess over time the possible extension of the phenomenon (continuous monitoring). The monitoring system, operating in continuous mode, is remotely managed; this allows a constant control on displacements and ensures a rapid and effective action in case of emergency . Together with the topographic instruments, some extensometers, inclinometers and piezometers were installed with the aim to study the deformation mechanism of the investigated phenomenon. LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) surveys were carried out to obtain the DTM (Digital Terrain Model) and high accuracy orthophotos of the area. Periodical flights were performed to detect and study the subsequent reactivations. The present research aims to present some phenomena, which are similar to many others in the country, with the aim of strengthening the role, the importance and the usefulness of Geomatics in the monitoring of the territory.