The First 5-Year-Long Survey on Intrauterine Unexplained Sudden Deaths from the Northeast Italy

Purpose: Sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS) represents one of the main open issues in the scientific and social setting of the modern medicine, and our efforts have aimed to understand its possible causes and risk factors. Methods: A 43-case series of consecutive unexplained fetal deaths coming from Northeast Italy, collected in a 5-year period (2011–2015), has been submitted to an in-depth investigation, based on neuropathological and cardiopathological examinations, immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), genetic characterization for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphisms, and toxicological environmental analyses. Results: The overall survey from the neuropathological findings highlights one or more congenital morphological abnormalities of the autonomic nervous system in 77% of cases of sudden fetal deaths. Conclusions: From our results emerges the need to perform a complete autopsy of all SIUDS victims with an in-depth examination of the neuronal centers of the brainstem, which modulate the vital functions.