Performance Measurement at World Heritage Sites: Per Aspera ad Astra

The authors analyze the degree of development of performance measurement systems at World Heritage Sites (WHSs), properties recognized as of outstanding universal value by UNESCO. Regarding the role of performance measurement in arts and cultural organizations, the literature review indicates a wide gap between theory and practice. The authors conduct an empirical survey of Italian WHSs and their management plans. The results suggest that performance measurement and monitoring systems are not being sufficiently implemented. New strategies need to be developed in order to promote more effective management systems for WHSs. Participatory governance, though perhaps difficult to achieve, would be a suitable solution.