Impact of Industrial Symbiosis on Additive Manufacturing of Spare Parts during Supply Chain Disruptions

In a world increasingly impacted by supply chain disruptions and the demand for low-emission industrial districts, this study explores how additive manufacturing (AM) and industrial symbiosis (IS) can transform spare parts supply chains. Through simulation modelling, conventional and AM-supported SC configurations are compared across scenarios involving stability, disruptions, and recovery strategies. AM facilitates localised, on-demand production, improving flexibility and spare parts availability, while IS utilises waste materials to lower emissions and costs. The findings highlight that integrating AM and IS enhances supply chain resilience and sustainability, addressing global challenges and advancing circular practices within industrial ecosystems.