Geopolymerization as cold-consolidation techniques for hazardous and non-hazardous wastes

Many interesting studies on the utilization of wastes produced in different human activities (urban, agricultural and industrial) have been carried out with the goals to reduce, to recycle, to reuse or to recovery: the R4 strategy. Many of these waste contains high amount of silicoaluminates, making them suitable for alkali activation to become one of the most promising binders for the future. Other type of wastes, even if hazardous, such as incinerator fly ash, electric arc furnace dust, lead smelting slag, etc. can be easily added as minor components to the geopolymer matrix for being immobilized as either cations or anions or both.