Recent Trends in Nitrogen Cooling Modelling of Extrusion Dies

Nitrogen cooling has been identified as a powerful industrial solution for the hot extrusion process to remove heat in the die and in the profile. The complexity involved in the design of cooling channels depends on many factors, including the cooling path, its position with respect to the hottest zones as well as the nitrogen phase-change that strongly affects the heat removal capacity. However, the industrial approach is still stuck in the empirical and based-experience practices that too often strongly limit the possibilities of obtaining a performing cooling solution. In this context, this work intends to summarize and discuss the advanced recent trends in the design of cooling channels for extrusion dies proposed by the authors based on the numerical approaches, with the final aim to propose possible solutions to fill the current gaps of the suboptimal industrial approaches.